Journal of Medicinal Plants Biotechnology

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract This study investigated the influence of inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Glomus mosseae (Nicol & Gerd.) on essential oil yield and composition of Different Parts of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) affected by three different levels of salt stress. The experiment was arranged as a factorial in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Experimental treatments including: three levels of salinity stress (0 (control), 60 and 120 µm), two levels of inoculation (inoculation and non inoculation) and Three organs of the plant (leaves, flowering shoots  and mature seeds). The essential oil contents were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Salinity had significant effects on the essential oil percentage and yield of leaves, flowering shoots  and mature seeds. The percentage and yield of essential oil contents of seeds  and flowering shoots were much higher than those of leaves under all salinity treatments. Essential oil percentages of seeds and flowering shoots were considerably higher, when plants were subjected to moderate stress. The results pointed out that there was not a significant interaction between non mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal inoculation on essential oil percentage. However,The plants inoculated with AMF had significantly greater essential oil yield than the control plants at all salinity levels. The main oil constituents in organs were α –phellandrene, carvone, Linonene,  α – thujene, dillether  and dihydrocarvone. Salinity had significant effects on these components.Although, α – thujene percentage decreased in salt stress conditions. The Flowering shoots had greater α –phellandrene and carvone than the seeds, while Linonene of seeds was more than flowering shoots and leaves.The AMF induced a higher increase in these components  in response to salinity. AMF colonization notably increased α –phellandrene and carvone in  flowering shoots. The linonene percentge was higher in seeds of  mycorrhizal   than  nonmycorrhizal plants under salt stress conditions.

Abstract This study investigated the influence of inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), Glomus mosseae (Nicol & Gerd.) on biochemical traits and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GUPX) in shoots of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) affected by three different levels of salt stress. The experiment was arranged as a factorial in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Experimental treatments including: three levels of salinity stress (0 (control), 60 and 120 µm) and two levels of inoculation (inoculation and non inoculation). Salinity decreased fenugreek growth, regardless of the mycorrhizal treatment and the salt stress level. The plants inoculated with AMF had significantly greater shoot biomass than the control plants at all salinity levels. However, the results pointed out that salinity had inhibitory effects on mycorrhizal infection. The highest mycorrhizal infection was observed in the control plants. According to the results,The  salt stressed plants had significantly greater essential oil percent than the control plants. AMF colonization notably increased essential oil percent at all salinity levels. The proline content was higher in salt-stressedthan non-stressed fenugreek, but there was no significant difference in proline content between mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants under salt stress conditions.Increasing salinity stress raised significantly the antioxidant enzyme activities, including those of total SOD, GUPX and CAT, of fenugreek compared to their respective non-stressed controls. The AMF induced a higher increase in these antioxidant enzymes in response to severe salinity. Inoculation with AMF could serve as a useful tool for alleviating salinity stress in salt-sensitive plants. However, there was not significant interaction between salt and mycorrhizal inoculation on GUPX in shoots.