Journal of Medicinal Plants Biotechnology

Abstract The excessive and improper use of antimicrobial agents has led to the emergence of drug-resistant strains. Therefore, It necessitates the discovery and implementation of new sources to combat microbial pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ethanolic extract of Ziziphus spina-christi leaves against four bacteria; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Corynebacterium glutamicum. Initial screening of the antibacterial activity of the extract was performed using the disk diffusion method. Subsequently, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the microdilution method, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was identified through microbial culture. According to the results, the highest antibacterial effect of the leaf extract was observed against Corynebacterium glutamicum. The microdilution test showed that the MIC for all bacteria, except Escherichia coli, was 75 mg/mL. The lowest survival rate was observed in Corynebacterium glutamicum and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The MBC for these two bacteria was determined to be 150 mg/mL, while for Escherichia coli, it was 300 mg/mL. The findings of this research demonstrated that Ziziphus leaf extract has notable antibacterial activity, especially against the studied Gram-positive bacteria, and could be considered a natural source for developing of new antibacterial drugs.

Abstract Drogonhead from the Lamiaceae family is an important plant with many uses . This research was performed in pots and done in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a split-split plot layout with three replications. Irrigation regimes (D1-D3: Field Capacity, 50% and 75% evaporation from basin class A) in main plots, superabsorbent nano-polymer application (S1-S2: use and not use) in sub plots and treatments of fertilizers in sub-sub plots were done. Over two consecutive years, the obtained results showed that the use of treatments increased the characters and made the significant effectiveness. In two years, the highest shoot dry matter (54.43 g.plant-1), zinc of shoot (68.12 µg/g dry weight), iron of shoot (75.68 µg/g dry weight), phenol (1.22 mg.Kg Fw-1), chlorophyll content (2.55 mg.g-1 DW) and essential oil content (1.12 %) made by grow-more fertilizers specially grow-more 1 (20-20-20) in combination with Fe/Zn Libfer with irrigation regime of 25% evaporation. The lowest values for morpho-physiological and phytochemical characters such as shoot dry matter (19.82 g.plant-1), zinc of shoot (25.43 µg/g dry weight), iron of shoot (38.43 µg/g dry weight), phenol (0.33 mg.KgFw-1), chlorophyll content (1.88 mg.g-1 DW) and essential oil content (0.28 %) obtained by plants treated with irrigation regime of 75% evaporation from basin class A (D3) and no application of fertilizers. Generally the application of grow-more fertilizer 1 (20-20-20) with consumption of zinc and iron fertilizers can be a good strategy to improve morpho-physiological characters and essential oil quantity and quality of D.moldavica in same climates.

Abstract Abstract
Plant tissue culture is recognized as a key tool in various research fields, especially in the area of medicinal plants. These techniques are employed for mass propagation, conservation, and production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. There are various methods for in-vitro culture, including micropropagation, axillary bud culture, organ culture, root and callus culture, organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, and cell suspension culture. Since cell suspension culture and callus are typically preferred for producing plant chemicals, following root and shoot cultures as well as somatic embryogenesis, these methods play a significant role in optimizing the production of secondary metabolites. However, one of the major challenges in plant tissue culture is the potential occurrence of somaclonal variation, which can result from genetic mutations or changes in epigenetic markers. These variations particularly arise in highly differentiated explants and during the callus stage. Additionally, the occurrence of somaclonal variation may pose a barrier to successful in-vitro propagation and preservation of germplasm. This issue is especially critical in cases where maintaining the genetic and biochemical characteristics of medicinal plants is important. In the present study, the potential somaclonal variations resulting from the tissue culture of medicinal plants and their implications for the production of secondary metabolites are examined and discussed. This research can contribute to a better understanding of the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of tissue culture for the production of medicinal plants and valuable metabolites.

Abstract The pharmaceuticals plant (Myrtus communis L.)  is one of the most important medicinal plant species that consist of around 50 species of the Mediterranean basin. This plant is a perennial flowering shrubs or a small tree. The propagation of this plant is associated with certain difficulties due to its rigid crust. The low percentage of cuttings is one of the major limitations of cuttings approach propagation. The callogenesis is one of the important processes in molecular farming. For start of research the seeds were obtained from Zanjan University's Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques. In this study, the effect of different concentrations of growth regulator 2 and 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at four levels on three types of leaf explants, shoots and roots. A factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was studied on the Murashige - Skoog medium (MS). The onset of callus formation was observed after about one month. The color of calluses was often white to brown and red. The results showed that callus formation was higher in leaf explants by 90% compared to the other explants and the lowest percentage of callus belonged to root explants. Also, the relative amount of callus formation at leaf concentration of 1 mg / L was higher than other treatments but no significant differences were observed at hormonal levels of 1 and 2 mg / L 2,4-D. Due to the limited scientific reports on the tissue culture of this plant worldwide, and based on the available scientific reports available, the results of this study have been investigated on Iranian varieties as a first report.

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Abstract

Abstract Purslane include valuable secondary metabolit such as dopamine, noradrinalin and omega-3. This plant is used
in different industries medication, food and hygienic. Also is used in trearment of various diseases like
diabetes, heart troubles and relieve pain. Tissue culture use to produce the same plants and free of
contamination in short time. It is a useful method that can use in eugenic and genetic engineering. In this
experiment the effect of hormone BAP on the direct regeneration of purslane has been studied. Shoot tip
explant from from sterille plants derived from germination of seeds cultured in the medium MS containing
different concentrations BAP (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 mg/L). Percent regeneration, number stems, leave number, stem
length, leaf length, fresh weight and dry weight were investigated. Analysis of variance of data showed effect
of BAP on all traits at 1% level was significanted. The highest percentage of regeneration and other trairs was
obtained at 4.5 mg/L BAP. In the control medium, 1.5 mg/L no regeneration was seen.