Journal of Medicinal Plants Biotechnology

Abstract An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of water deficit stress (field capacity (FC), 50%, and 30% of FC) and foliar application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and spermidine (control and 3 mg L⁻¹), as well as their combined application, on growth and selected physiological traits of basil. The highest plant biomass was observed under irrigation at FC + simultaneous foliar application of spermidine and GABA. The main effects of water deficit and foliar treatments significantly influenced chlorophyll, H2O2, malondialdehyde, proline, elemental content, and essential oil content of the plant. The highest chlorophyll a, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium content were observed under irrigation at FC. Irrigation at FC and 50% FC significantly increased chlorophyll b and nitrogen contents. Irrigation at 30% FC resulted in elevated levels of H2O2, malondialdehyde, and proline accumulation. All three foliar treatments led to increased chlorophyll b, nitrogen and potassium contents. Simultaneous foliar application of both compounds contributed to a reduction in H2O2 and malondialdehyde levels, while enhancing chlorophyll a, proline, phenolic compounds, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and essential oil contents. Essential oil content was notably increased under irrigation at 50% FC. Sixteen constituents were identified in the basil essential oil, with methyl chavicol (38.42–42.38%) being the predominant compound, particularly prominent in the treatment combining irrigation at 30% FC with foliar application of both compounds. The results of the present study demonstrate the positive effect of concurrent application of both compounds on the evaluated physiological and biochemical traits of basil under water deficit conditions.

Abstract In light of the growing demand for medicinal plants and their increasing significance in global society, this study examined the essential oils composition and phenolic content in the flowers and leaves of Stachys schtschegleevi. Plant samples were collected from the Jolfa region, and the essential oils were extracted using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical composition of the essential oils was analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the percentage of essential oil in the flower organs was 39% higher than in the leaves. Analysis of the essential oils identified 61 compounds in the flowers (98.39% of the total) and 49 compounds in the leaves (98.73% of the total). The dominant compounds in the flower organs were germacrene D (20.69%), α-cadinol (9.51%), α-muurolene (7.16%), n-hexadecanoic acid (5.93%), thymol (5.41%), spathulenol (4.77%), α-pinene (4.62%) and β-pinene (4%). The dominant compounds in Pulak leaf essential oil were found to be α-pinene (12.98%), germacrene D (11.92%), α-cadinol (7.9%), thymol (6.91%), n-hexadecanoic acid (4.82%), spathulenol (4.44%) and α-muurolene (4.22%). Evaluation of the phenolic compounds showed that the total phenol and flavonoid content in the flowers (81.8 and 3.5 mg/ g of dry extract, respectively) was higher than in the leaves (56.1 and 3 mg/g of dry extract, respectively). Therefore, due to its higher essential oil percentage and greater richness in phenolic compounds, the flower organ of Stachys schtschegleevi is considered more suitable than the leaf organ for industrial applications, particularly in the field of essential oil extraction.

Abstract

Abstract Bacterial resistance is one of the problems in the world of medicine today. Many efforts are underway to find alternative methods, one of which is to use the capacity of native plants of each region. The chamber was powdered as a homogeneous mixture and its essential oil was extracted by water distillation. Then, the components of the essential oil were identified and the amount of the components was identified using a gas chromatography device connected to a mass spectrometer. GC-Mass analysis showed that the most important effective compounds with antimicrobial activity of this plant were 2- boronanone (12.36%), camphor (6.87%), 3-carn (5.35%). The range of growth inhibition zone varied from 9 to 40 mm. Essential oil with growth inhibition zone of 40 mm had the greatest effect against Staphylococcus aureus even in comparison with clindamycin, although essential oils had no effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and could not inhibit its growth. In general, essential oils had a better effect on gram-positive bacteria than gram-negative bacteria.