Journal of Medicinal Plants Biotechnology

Abstract It is essential to use corrective techniques in the cultivation of medicinal plants and to improve the quantity and quality of the essential oils and essence in them for the production of high-yielding plants. The influence factors in callus production and regeneration include genotype, growth regulators, culture medium, age and type of explants and environmental conditions. In this study, callus induction in seven plant species (Daucus carota, Dracocephalum kotschyi, Hyssopus officinalis, Galega officinalis, Amsonia tubemaemontana, Moringa oliefera, Urtica dioica) has been investigated in vitro, which were evaluated callus induction and organogenesis on the leafy specimen in MS and WPM medium with different concentrations of growth regulators. For this purpose, a factorial experiment was designed in a completely randomized design (CRD) and was investigated genotypic effects on callus induction and subsequent proliferation of the plant. The results showed that Daucus carota, Moringa oliefera and Hyssopus officinalis had a significant difference in callus induction with other species.

Abstract Datura metel L. is an important medicinal plant that is a part of the Solanaceae family and contains important pharmaceutical compounds, including atropine and hyoscine (scopolamine), which is part of the tropane alkaloids and has known anticholinergic properties. In recent years, callus tissue induction has been introduced as a new method for obtaining secondary metabolites. The aim of this study was to inoculate callus from the isolated leaves of Datura seedlings to obtain the best hormonal concentration for maximum callus production. Datura seeds were cultured in MS medium under sterile conditions and Datura seedlings were obtained. The leaves of the seedlings were isolated and transferred to the MS medium without hormone, but the callus did not occur. In the next step, the leaves of the seedlings were transferred to the MS medium in 9 hormonal treatments containing different concentrations of auxin 2,4-D and cytokinin kinetin (Kin). the samples with light period was 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness and temperatures of 25 ° C for four week. The results showed that maximum callus formation in MS medium containing two hormones with concentrations of 1 mg/L 2,4-D and 1 mg/L Kin was obtained.

Abstract Hyssops are herbaceous and perennial plants, belonging to the Lamiaceae family. In this experiment, callus production of two hyssop species (H. officinalis and H. angustifolius called common and local, respectively) was investigated using two culture media and different levels of plant growth regulators (PGR’s) to achieve the best culture medium and PGR combination for producing callus as a starting plant material for plant regeneration and secondary metabolite production. To do this, the seeds were cultured in MS medium and after 2 weeks shoots were placed on to the MS and B5 medium and PGR treatments (control, 0.5mg/L 2,4-D, 1mg/L 2,4-D, 0.2 mg/L NAA + 0.5mg/L 2,4-D, 0.2 mg/L NAA + 1mg/L 2,4-D) and incubated in a controlled environment. Then, the callus induction time and percentage of callus producing explants, fresh and dry weight of callus and callus color were recorded. The results showed that interaction between species, medium and PGR treatments was significant at 1% level. Meanwhile, mean comparison analyses showed that the highest amount of callus production in both evaluated hyssop species was observed in MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.2 mg/L NAA, in which the common hyssop showed calli after 6 days, while the local hyssop species started callusing after 11 days. According to this research, this PGR treatment is proposed for callus induction in both species. Given the importance of these medicinal speciesof hyssop especially the local one and probability of its extinction, these results can be used for protecting this valuable herb.
 

Abstract Native plants to desert ecosystems, have unique features to ensure their survival in harsh conditions. Choghan
(local name for Salsola tragus) is an ancient desert plant, have used for medicinal properties, and was the only
washing plant in many parts of Iran. Urban culture and supply all kinds of chemical detergents have led to the
forgetfulness of the capacities of national and patriotic detergent plant. Identify and preserve of such valuable
plants that is resistant to harsh conditions and generally are halophyte, can be exploited in therapeutic
applications, detergent plant production programs, sustainable agriculture, environmental protection and
desertification. In order to study the response of callus initiation of this plant tissues, seeds were sterilized and
planted on MS medium. After two days, explants of root, stem and leaf were cultured on MS medium with
NAA hormone with three levels: 0, 5 and 10 mg per liter. After three weeks, callus formation was evaluated.
The results showed that the best explants for good callus induction, were the explants of leaf and then stem in
16 hours of light with an intensity of 3000 lux at a concentration of 5 mg of the NAA.