Journal of Medicinal Plants Biotechnology

Evaluating callus formation of Cynara scolymus L. affected by growth regulators NAA and 2,4-D

Document Type : Original Article

Author

ALI MOHAMMADKHANI
10.30470/jmpb.2026.2075780.1157
Abstract
Medicinal plants are used in various cosmetic, food, pharmaceutical, and medical industries. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a perennial medicinal plant that has antioxidant, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, lipid-lowering, and heart and liver-protecting properties due to its phenolic compounds (such as cynarin and caffeoylquinic), flavonoids, inulin, and volatile organic compounds (e.g., methyl salicylate, camphene, and alpha-terpinene). Tissue culture of medicinal plants is widely used to produce secondary metabolites. This study investigated the callus formation of artichoke from explants (leaflet, crown, and rootlet) in culture medium containing NAA (0, 3, and 6 mg L-1) and 2,4-D (0, 0.5, and 1 mg L-1) hormones. The results showed that callus formation occurred in all cultured explants. According to the results of callus weight and dimensions, the best explant for producing callus was the rootlet, and the leaflet had the weakest callus formation. Considering the largest callus dimensions (average 14.3 cm) in rootlet explants cultured in medium containing 6 mg L-1 NAA, rootlet explants and NAA hormone can be suggested for optimizing artichoke tissue culture and callus formation.

Keywords

Artichoke
hormone
explant
medicinal plant
Subjects

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