Journal of Medicinal Plants Biotechnology

Abstract Rosmarinic acid, as one of the most valuable phenolic compounds in different plant species, has several
biological properties, including antivirus, antibacterial, antitumor and anti-inflammatory. Elicitors, by
producing messages, can stimulate the production of secondary metabolites in plants. Nitric oxide (abiotic
elicitor) is a stable gaseous radical, which acts as a signaling molecule in plants and in many physiological
processes, development and environmental stresses. Due to the lack of information on the amount of rosmaric
acid and the use of SNP as abiotic elicitor in Nepeta nuda L., the effect of SNP on production of rosmarinic
acid was investigated in four concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 μM) in vitro shoot culture of catmint hairless.
The amount of rosmarinic acid was measured by HPLC after drying samples at room temperature. The results
of the samples analysis showed that the content of rosmarinic acid increased 37.7% in treatment of nitric oxide
(25 μM) compared to the control sample (without application of nitric oxide). Also, amount of rosmarinic acid
reduced with increasing nitric oxide concentration in the culture medium. So that the amount of this compound
reached from 54.73 mg.g-1 DW in the control sample to 14.61 mg.g-1 DW in treatment of nitric oxide (100
μM). The results of this study indicated catmint hairless plant has the high level of rosmarinic acid and the
amount of this valuable drug combination improved with the use of abiotic elicitor nitric oxide at low
concentration.

Abstract Arvaneh plant (Hymenocrater yazdianus) is one of the exclusive plants of Yazd province in Iran. This plant is
belonging to Lamiaceae family and is an important medicinal plant in arid and semi-arid climate. In this
research, different hormonal concentrations were studied under in vitro culture conditions. This study was
conducted in a completely randomize design on Murashige and Skoog basal medium 1962(MS) containing
Benzyl adenine (BA) and Indole 3 Butyric Acid (IBA) growth regulators in 12 treatments and 8 replicates.
Results showed, the highest proliferation was obtained by using BA 1 mg/l and IBA 0.01 mg/l.

Abstract Crataegus pseudohetrophylla Pojark. of the genus Crataegus is a member of the Rosaceae family that is
important in terms of ornamental, food, medicinal, exported, shelter for wildlife and birds, soil conservation
and erosion control applications. For callus induction, Leaf pieces (0.5–1.0 cm2) produced by plantlets after
surface sterilization in MS medium containing 2, 4-D at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mg l-1 and BAP
at concentrations of 0, 0.5, and 1 mg l-1, placed in a growth chamber under dark conditions. In the next step,
the calli were transferred to culture medium supplemented with growth regulators of BAP, TDZ, NAA, and
IBA in different concentrations for regeneration and then characteristics of callus induction (%), callus
diameter (mm), callus type, and callus color were recorded. 100% callusing at concentration of 2 mg l-1 2, 4-
D in combination with 0.5 and 1 mg l-1 BAP with the greatest diameter at concentration of 2 mg l-1 2, 4-D in
combination with 1 mg l-1 BAP and hard, globular and embryonic in texture with light green to dark green in
color were observed on MS medium. 100% explants forming shoots (regeneration) was obtained using of 12
and 14 mg l-1 BAP in combination with 2 mg l-1 NAA and the highest means number of shoots per explants
was observed at concentration of 10 mg l-1 BAP in combination with 2 mg l-1 NAA.

Abstract The genus pumpkin from the family Cucurbitaceae with oily seeds has 10 species, 5 of which are of
agricultural importance. Three species C. Pepo and C. Moschata, C. Maxima are more important. The present
study aimed to investigate genetic diversity based on ISSR markers in 30 genotypes of 3 populations of
pumpkin. For this purpose, 4 primers with simple repetitive sequences (microsatellite) were used. In this study,
72 genetic locations were ranked, of which there were 72 polymorphic locations with a polygonal percentage
of 100%. To assess the genetic similarity between the population, cluster analysis using Jaccard's similarity
was used with UPGMA method. The mean genetic distance of genotypes (by Jaccard's coefficient of similarity)
was 0.77 and the mean of content (PIC) was 0.47. The ISSR11 primers had the highest PIC (0.50). With the
regret to dendrograms obtained from cluster analysis revealed a high variation among genotypes. The highest
genetic distance was between genotypes R30, R11 and R14 and the lowest genetic distance between R24 and
R27. The results of this study showed that ISSR markers can be effectively used to study the genetic variation
of pumpkin. Among the primers used, the marker ISSR11 ((GA) 8 G) was the most suitable primer for
subsequent studies.

Abstract High antioxidant and minerals such as Ca, Fe, ZN and vitamins such as A, C was causing high value in Basil.
But asexual reproduction basil by seeds it has diversity and high uniformity. for this reason direct regeneration
basil by tissue culture it has production of plants with high uniformity. In this experiment nodal explants of
two variety purpule and green Basil put in MS with BAP in three levels0, 1/5, 2/5 mg/L. Qualities investigated
was contains number of regeneration, number of root, number of leaf, root length, shoot fresh weight, shoot
dry weight, leaf length, shoot length. The effect of hormone treatment in all qualities in 1% was significant.
Effect of varities in number of regeneration, fresh weight and dry weight in 1% and other qualities in 5% was
significant. In examining the interactions of the variety and concentration hormons showed that was significant
on fresh weight and dry weight in level 5%. The highest number of regeneration was obtained in purple Basil
in 1/5 mg/L BAP with average regeneration 3/17. According to results purple Basil was suitable varity for
tissue culture. Also BAP in 1/5 mg/L on all qualities had the best effect.

Abstract In order to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus on the characteristics of herbaceous plant under stress
conditions, a factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three
replications at the Agricultural Research Farm of Urmia University in 2012-2013. Irrigation at three levels;
irrigation after 50 (control), 100 (medium stress) and 150 mm evaporation from class A evaporation pan
(severe stress) as the first factor and association of fungi (control and glomus intraradices) as a second factor
was considered. The results showed that with increasing irrigation levels from 50 to 150 mm (evaporation from
pan), seed number per pod, 1000 seed weight and essential oil yield of Fenugreek decreased significantly. The
highest percentage of essential oil was obtained from 100 mm irrigation water evaporation from the pan. Also,
at each level of irrigation (50, 100, 150 mm evaporation), the maximum total chlorophyll content, relative
water content of leaves, biological yield and grain yield of Fenugreek were obtained was obtained from
treatment of mycorrhizal fungi.

Abstract Purslane include valuable secondary metabolit such as dopamine, noradrinalin and omega-3. This plant is used
in different industries medication, food and hygienic. Also is used in trearment of various diseases like
diabetes, heart troubles and relieve pain. Tissue culture use to produce the same plants and free of
contamination in short time. It is a useful method that can use in eugenic and genetic engineering. In this
experiment the effect of hormone BAP on the direct regeneration of purslane has been studied. Shoot tip
explant from from sterille plants derived from germination of seeds cultured in the medium MS containing
different concentrations BAP (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 mg/L). Percent regeneration, number stems, leave number, stem
length, leaf length, fresh weight and dry weight were investigated. Analysis of variance of data showed effect
of BAP on all traits at 1% level was significanted. The highest percentage of regeneration and other trairs was
obtained at 4.5 mg/L BAP. In the control medium, 1.5 mg/L no regeneration was seen.

Abstract Cerasus mahaleb L. is a member of the Rosaceae family that have been used in different industries as
pharmaceutical, packaging, dyeing, chemical, sanitary, food, and perfume. For callus induction, Leaf pieces
(0.5–1.0 cm2) produced by plantlets after surface sterilization in MS medium containing 2, 4-D at concentration
of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mg l-1 and BAP at concentration of 0, 0.5, and 1 mg l-1, placed in a growth chamber
under dark conditions. In the next step, the calli were transferred to culture medium supplemented with growth
regulators of BAP, TDZ, and KIN and NAA in different concentrations for regeneration and then
characteristics of callus induction (%), callus diameter (mm), callus type, and callus color was recorded. 100%
callusing with the greatest diameter and friable and globular in texture with cream to light green in color were
observed on MS medium at concentration of 2 mg l-1 2, 4-D in combination with 1 mg l-1 BAP. Calli showed
no regeneration due to brown in color and highly soft and watery in texture.