Journal of Medicinal Plants Biotechnology

Abstract Achillea genus is belonging to Asteraceae. The composition of the active ingredients of plants in different climatic conditions show very different constituent in phytochemical propertiesand , In order to investigating quantity and quality of essential oils of three species of achillea in Zanjan provences plant samples collected from northern heights of Zanjan After selecting a suitable plants, after harvesting the whole vegetative body of the plant was harvested in the full bloom time and after drying in room, and its essential oil was extracted by distillation . Then, the components of the essential oil were identified and the amount of the components was identified using a gas chromatography device connected to a mass spectrometer. The results showed that the essential oil of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch had a yellow color with a yield of 0.89%. The results of GC-MS showed that the essential oil of this plant is composed of 106 substances in which 15 representative compounds 54% were total essential oil. In the study of essential oil of Achillea tenuifolia Lam, it was found that 20 substances constituted 54.37% of essential oil. Also, the essential oil of Achillea millefolium was white with a yield of 0.74%, GC-MS results showed that this essential oil The plant in the region is composed of 105 substances, of which 10 compounds represented 50.78% of the total essential oil Which 47 compounds accounted for 81.05% of the essential oil.

Abstract Artichoke medicinal plant (Cynara scolymus L.) is a herbaceous, diploid and perennial plant. This plant is native to the Mediterranean region and belongs to the Asteracea family. It is rich

in polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, inulin, coumarins, terpenes, dietary fibre, enzymes, polysaccharides, minerals and vitamins Several studies have shown that artichokes have properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,. Due to the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of this plant, which contains very little fat and high levels of minerals, vitamin C, fiber, inulin, polyphenols, hydroxycinnamates and flavones. But its most effective substance can be related to polyphenols, which are mainly composed of mono and dicaffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids. The first research related to tissue culture in this plant dates back to 1973. The first reports on the secondary metabolites of this plant were on synaropecarin, which was recorded and reported for the first time in 1960 by Suchy and his colleagues.Optimization of different physical conditions such as temperature, aeration, light stirring and chemical factors such as addition of growth regulators and precursors to culture media for in vitro production of these active compounds are described. Furthermore, cultures of transformed hairy roots, induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes infection, have been discussed as an important technique to maximize the production of secondary metabolites in vitro. In this research, a general overview of the history and the time trend of biotechnology research has been made, and the problems, results, and research findings of the world's researchers have been collected.